教育体制

中国的教育体制分为三个阶段：基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括学前教育(pre-school education)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。1986年，中国开始实行从小学到初中的九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位，提出了“科教兴国”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下，中国的教育取得了历史性的成就。

参考译文：

The Chinese educational system is divided into threestages: basic education, higher education and adulteducation. Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondaryschool. Higher education consists of vocationalschools, colleges and universities. In 1986, Chinabegan to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school tojunior high school. The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developingeducation, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science andeducation. With the joint efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievementshave been made in Chinese education.

1.第1句中的“分为三个阶段”实表被动的意义，故译为bedivided into...。

2.第4句中的定语“从小学到初中的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语from primary school to junior highschool 来表达。

3.第5句中的两个分句均比较长可考虑用并列结构译出：TheChinese government has placed strategic priorityon... and advanced the strategy...。但不如将后半句“提出了......的战略方针”处理成表伴随的状语，译作advancing the strategy...，使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。“提出”可译作put forward或advance。

4.最后一句中的“在政府和人民的共同努力下”可用介词短语with the joint efforts of both thegovernment and the people来表达。翻译“中国的教育取得了历史性的成就”时，为了符合英语表达习惯，宜转化原宾语“历史性的成就”为主语，原主语“中国的教育”处理为状语，全句用被动语态译出，表达为historic achievements have been made in Chinese education。