2019年12月六级听力慢速英语：人的压力会传染给狗
12月六级听力慢速英语：人的压力会传染给狗
Study: Dogs Can Feel Their Owners' Stress, Too
When dog owners experience a long period of stress, they are not alone in feeling the pressure. Their dogs feel it, too.
That information comes from new a study published Thursday in Scientific Reports.
Swedish scientists centered the research on 58 people who own border collies or Shetland sheepdogs. Both are traditionally herding dogs.
The scientists examined hair from the dog owners and their dogs. They looked at the levels of a hormone called cortisol. This chemical is released into the bloodstream during stressful experiences. Pieces of hair can take in this chemical.
Depression, extreme physical exercise and unemployment are just a few examples of stress causers that can affect the amount of cortisol released in humans, said Lina Roth of Sweden's Linkoping University.
Roth and her team found that cortisol levels in the hair of dog owners closely matched levels found in their dogs. The researchers say this suggests their stress levels were in sync -- or connected.
Roth believes that the owners are influencing the dogs instead of dogs influencing their human owners. That is because there are human personality traits that also appear to affect dogs' cortisol levels.
But, why is it that people influence their dogs and not the other way around? It could be, Roth said in an email, because people are "a more central part of the dog's life, whereas we humans also have other social networks."
The study results are no surprise, said Alicia Buttner. She is director of animal behavior with the Nebraska Humane Society in the American city of Omaha.
Buttner said new evidence is continually found to show people and their dogs have extremely "close bonds that resemble the ones that parents share with their children."
Buttner also said there is not enough evidence to prove that the influence goes only one way.
She said, "It's not just as simple as owner gets stressed, dog gets stressed."
Buttner said cortisol levels do not necessarily demonstrate "bad" stress. They instead can be representative of a good experience like getting ready to go for a walk, she said.
Roth and her team plan to investigate whether other kinds of dogs react to their owners the same way.
For now, she offers advice for reducing how much stress a dog owner may be causing their pet. Dogs that play more show fewer signs of stress, she said.
So "just be with your dog and have fun," Roth said.
I'm Ashley Thompson.
六级听力参考译文：
人的压力会传染给狗
当狗主人在经历一段长期的精神压力时，并不是只有他们自己在承受压力，他们的狗也感同身受。
这一信息来自周四发表在《科学报告》上的一份新研究。
瑞典科学家对58名拥有博德牧羊犬或喜乐蒂牧羊犬的人进行了集中研究。两种犬类都是传统的牧羊犬。
科学家对狗主人和狗的毛发进行了检测。他们观察了一种名为“皮质醇”的激素的浓度。这种化学物质在精神压力时期会被释放到血液中，能够被毛发吸收。
瑞典林雪平大学的莉娜·罗斯(Lina Roth)指出，抑郁，极 限体育运动以及失业只是引起压力的几种诱因，它们能影响人体皮质醇释放的含量。
罗斯和她的团队发现，狗主人毛发的皮质醇浓度与狗的皮质醇浓度非常接近。研究人员表示，这表明他们的压力水平是同步的，或者说相互关联的。
罗斯认为，这是主人在影响狗，而不是狗影响主人。这是因为人类的性格特征似乎也会影响狗的皮质醇水平。
但是，为什么是主人影响狗，而不是反过来呢?罗斯在一封电子邮件中解释称，原因可能在于人“是狗的生活中更重要的一部分，而我们人类还有其他的社交网络。”
艾丽西亚·巴特纳(Alicia Buttner)说，研究结果并不意外。她是美国奥马哈市内布拉斯加动物保护协会的动物行为研究主管。
巴特纳表示，不断有新证据表明，主人和狗之间有着极其密切的关系，就像父母和孩子之间的关系一样。
巴特纳还指出，没有足够的证据证明这种影响只是单向性的。
她说：“不仅仅主人会感受到压力，狗也不例外。”
巴特纳称，皮质醇水平并不一定表明压力是“负面”的。她说，相反，它们可以代表一种很好的体验，比如准备去散步。
罗斯和她的团队计划调查其他种类的狗是否对主人有同样的反应。
目前，她提供了一些建议，帮助减轻狗主人为宠物带来的压力。她说，经常玩耍的狗的压力更小。
罗斯说，所以“多跟你的狗狗一起玩耍吧”。
阿什利·汤普森为您播报。
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