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　　1、过去完成时(had + done)

　　1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成了的动作。

　　The facory had fulfilled its year ly plan of production by last Novermber. We had not thought of the soulution until gave some hints.

　　2)过去完成时可以表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for(有时可省去)或since引导的从句连用。

　　It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.

　　3)过去完成时常用以下固定句型

　　hardly / scarcely /barely+过去完成型(倒装形式)+when过去时 Hardly had arrived when I had a new problem to cope with. no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than+过去时

　　No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that the should have remained silent. by(the end of )+过去时间主句谓语动词用过去完成时

　　By the end of that year,Jack had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.

　　2.完成时：(will/shall+have done)

　　表示在将来某一时间以前已完成的动作。

　　By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

　　When you come tonight at eight o’clock,I shall have written my report.

　　3.完成进行时态：(has/have+been doing)(had been+doing) 表示动作在现在或过去某一时间以前开始，并延续到那个现在或过去的进间，而且可能还要继续下去。

　　It has been raining for three hours.

　　He told me he had been waiting for me for two hours

　　4.由after ,as ,as soon as ,before,once,until,when while引导的时间状语从句和由as longas , if ,unless等引导的条件状语从句中，若主句用将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

　　5.在This (That It )is (was)the first(second…)thim引导的that 从句往往用完成时态。 This is the first time(that) I’ve drunk Californian champagne.

　　There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

　　6.一般将业时的替代形式：

　　1)be going to do sth.在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或即将发生的事情; I’m going to buy a new house when we save enough money.

　　2)be to do sth.表示计划安排将要做的事; There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.

　　3)be about ot do sth 表示即将发生的事情 We are about to start.

　　4)be due to do sth.表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事; His book is due to be published in October.

　　5)be going/coming/leaving/starting/arriving/returning等动词的进行时可表示计划或安排即将要发生的事情。

　　They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

　　(5)语态的对策：

　　a)确定选择项中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，把不及物动词的被动语态予以排除。

　　b)判断被动词语态的构成形式是否正确，把错误的予以排除。

　　c)注意题句空格后是否有宾语(动作承受者)，如没有宾语则谓语动词必须用被动语态。

　　d)利用时态标志词确定被动语态的正确时态。 注意：被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时态。

　　e.g. We are working hard,so the job by tomrrw.

　　A.has done B.has been done C.will be done D.will do

　　e.g. The goods when we arrived at the airport.

　　A.were just unloading B.were just being unloaded C.had just unloaded D.were just been unloaded

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