Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C, and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　1. A. Where has the woman been?

　　B. What does the woman mean by her question?

　　C. Why did the woman ask such a question?

　　D. Why does the woman wonder about him?

　　2. A. Giving a lecture B. Washing

　　C. Meeting her sister D. Cleaning

　　3. A. 6:55 B. 7:05 C. 7:25 D. 7:15

　　4. A. To the restaurant B. Home

　　C. To the movie theater D. To his work

　　5. A. The woman should have finished her project by now.

　　B. The woman should work on her project for one more week.

　　C. The woman shouldn't have spent a week on her project.

　　D. The woman has been working at a very fast pace.

　　6. A. Go to the parties B. Go for a ride with the man

　　C. Study for her exam D. Change her clothes

　　7. A. At a restaurant B. At a conference room

　　C. At a drugstore D. At a clinic

　　8. A. 6:00 B. 5: 10 C. 5:00 D. 5:15

　　9. A. Smoke B. Offer the woman a cigarette

　　C. 5: 10 D. Put out his cigarette

　　10. A. The woman's boss didn't know she was late for work.

　　B. The woman's boss asked why she wasn't there on time.

　　C. The woman is usually punctual.

　　D. The woman's boss wants her to keep a habit of being on time.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　11. A. Iron tools. B. Snowshoes

　　C. Political ways D. Guns for hunting

　　12. A. Training animals B. Hunting animals

　　C. Planting crops D. Building houses

　　13. A. The new settlers survived the harsh winters thanks to the Indians' help.

　　B. The new settlers introduced to the natives corn and beans.

　　C. The natives tried to make the life of the new settlers resemble the life they once had in England.

　　D. Life in the new world was not like what the Spanish explorers had reported.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　14. A. They were children's favorite toys.

　　B. They were first made of wood or stone.

　　C. They were meant to bring good luck.

　　D. They were invented in Greece.

　　15. A. Wooden and clay dolls B. Rag dolls

　　C. Stone dolls D. Fashion dolls

　　16. A. Around 1700 B. Around 1800

　　C. Around 1900 D. Around 1600

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　17. A. As a soldier B. As a dramatist

　　C. As a poet D. As a translator

　　18. A. 1912 B. 1922 C. 1921 D. 1911

　　19. A. Almost three years B. Three years

　　C. Four years D. Almost four years

　　20. A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3

　　Section C (Compound Dictation)略

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　For all their great diversity of shapes and sizes, glaciers can be divided into two essential types: valley glaciers, which flow downhill from mountains and are shaped by the constraints of topography(地貌), and ice sheets, which flow outward in all directions from dome—like centers of accumulated ice to cover vast expanse of terrain. Whatever their type, most glaciers are remnants of great shrouds of ice that covered the earth eons ago. In a few of these glaciers the oldest ice is very ancient indeed; the age of parts of the Antarctic sheet may exceed 500,000 years.

　　Glaciers are born in rocky womb above the snow line, where there is sufficient winter snowfall and summer cold for snow to survive the annual melting. The long gestation period of a glacier begins with the accumulation and gradual transformation of snow flakes. Soon after they reach the ground, complex snowflakes are reduced to compact, roughly spherical ice crystals, and the basic components of a glacier. As new layers of snow and firn, snow that survives the melting of the previous summer, accumulate, they squeeze out most of the air bubbles trapped within and between the crystals below. This process of recrystallization continues throughout the life of the glacier.

　　The length of time required for the creation of glacier ice depends mainly upon the temperature and the rate of snowfall. In Iceland, where snowfall is heavy and summer temperatures are high enough to produce plenty of melt—water, glacier ice may come into being in a relatively short time—say, ten years. In parts of Antarctica, where snowfall is scant and the ice remains well below its melting temperature year round, the process may require hundreds of years.

　　The ice does not become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it cannot move significantly until it reaches a critical thickness—the point at which the weight of the piled—up layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the friction between the ice and the ground. This critical thickness is about 60 feet. The fastest moving glaciers have been gauged at not much more than two and a half miles per year, and some cover less than 1/100 inch in that same amount of time. But no matter how infinitesimal the flow, movement is what distinguishes a glacier from a mere mass of ice.

　　21. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of glacier?

　　A. Glaciers fall into two basic categories: valley glaciers and ice sheets.

　　B. Glaciers are huge masses of ice that move under their own weight.

　　C. Glaciers either flow downhill from mountains or flow outward in all directions from dome—like centers of accumulated ice.

　　D. Glaciers are primarily formed in the rocky mountain tops above the snow line.

　　22. What is implied in the passage?

　　A. Glaciers can be divided into many categories according to their shapes and sizes.

　　B. Ice sheets move faster than valley glaciers.

　　C. It takes longer for glaciers to form in Antarctica than in Iceland.

　　D. Valley glaciers are not as old as ice sheets.

　　23. Why does the author mention the formation of glaciers in Iceland in the third paragraph?

　　A. Heavy snowfall and high summer temperatures make glaciers come into existence in a relatively short period of time in Iceland.

　　B. Iceland contains some of the oldest ice sheets in existence.

　　C. Iceland has one of the best—preserved glaciers in the world.

　　D. People expect to find some relatively new glaciers in Iceland.

　　24. What analogy did the author use when describing the formation of glaciers?

　　A. womb B. trap C. crystal D. birth

　　25. Which of the following is the best title for the article?

　　A. Formation of Glaciers B. Sizes and Shapes of Glaciers

　　C. The History of Glaciers D. Why Do Glaciers Move?

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

　　Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre—industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as special branch of “knowledge" at all.

　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild. And the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

　　26. According to the first paragraph, early humans .

　　A. did not enjoy the study of botany

　　B. placed great importance on the ownership of properties

　　C. probably had extensive knowledge about plants

　　D. didn't know how to cultivate crops

　　27. The word “this” in the sentence “This is logical” most probably refers to.

　　A. that our ancestors knew plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things

　　B. that our ancestors' knowledge about plants and their properties was very detailed and organized

　　C. that extensive knowledge about plants and their properties are essential in the cultivation of crops in pre—industrial societies

　　D. that a detailed learning of plants and their properties was not obtained until the pre—industrial societies came into being

　　28. According to the author, when did our knowledge of botany become less distinct?

　　A. As our society become industrialized.

　　B. As our direct contact with plants increases.

　　C. As urbanization took place.

　　D. As we became less interested in the extensive botanical knowledge.

　　29. Why does the author mention tribes living in the jungle of the Amazon in the passage?

　　A. To show that people who have no contact with modern civilization have no idea what the term botany means.

　　B. To show even the most primitive people have extensive knowledge about plants and their properties.

　　C. To show how important the study of botany is to human beings.

　　D. To show that how people unconsciously come into possession of an amazing amount of botanical knowledge.

　　30. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between the study of animals and .

　　A. sheep raising B. bird watching

　　C. deer hunting D. horse riding

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

　　The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid—fuel rocket were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during the last decade, large solid—fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid—fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layperson's question to inquire which one is better. The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is better. It all depends on the purpose. A liquid—fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be re—ignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid—fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid—fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid—fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid—fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and re—ignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and re—ignited after a pre—calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid—fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but human—piloted space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid—fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid—fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.

　　31. Which of the following is implied in the passage?

　　A. Rockets using liquid fuel was not available 40 years ago although researches were being done on the practicability of using liquid fuel in rockets.

　　B. It was not until the last decade that rockets using solid fuels made their appearance.

　　C. Complicated rockets using solid fuel have the advantage of flexibility and adjustability that liquid—fuel rockets don't possess.

　　D. Liquid fuel costs about 10 times as much as the solid fuel costs.

　　32. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as one of the advantages of liquid瞗uel rockets?

　　A. They are easy to control. B. Their thrust is variable.

　　C. They are easy to construct. D. Their speed is adjustable.

　　33. Solid—fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their .

　　A. burning time B. size C. fuel D. engines

　　34. The chief consideration for using liquid fuels in human—piloted space flights is that the rocket .

　　A. is inexpensive to construct B. is capable of carrying heavy cargo

　　C. is easy to control D. is inexpensive to operate

　　35. Which of the following statements is true about solid—fuel rockets?

　　A. They are simple to construct.

　　B. They can be re—ignited when desired.

　　C. They can provide fine adjustments in operation.

　　D. They cost a lot less than liquid—fuel rockets to construct.

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

　　For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological drives as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

　　It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

　　Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to reward the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement switched on a display of lights— and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

　　Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

　　36. In this article, the author suggests that babies learn to do things when

　　A. such acts lead to desired rewards

　　B. they enjoy a sense of achievement

　　C. their curiosity is satisfied

　　D. they can derive fun from such acts

　　37. In his experiment, Papousek noticed that a baby

　　A. would go on making the learned response with no milk provided

　　B. would have to have enough to drink before the experiment began

　　C. would not make the learned response until milk is provided

　　D. would make the learned response with pleasure only when it saw the light display

　　38. According to the passage, the babies would smile and bubble when the light display was turned on primarily because

　　A. the babies were impressed by the beautiful sight

　　B. the lights are related to babies' physical drives

　　C. the babies felt they succeeded in switching on the lights

　　D. the babies were happy that they learned how to respond to this sight

　　39. According to Papousek, the pleasure the babies displayed when they saw the light display was a reflection of

　　A. the satisfaction of their curiosity

　　B. the satisfaction of their physiological needs

　　C. the basic human urge to understand and control the world

　　D. the babies' desire to solve complex problems

　　40. What does the word “it” in the last line refer to?

　　A. success B. skill C. light D. world

　　Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　41. Parents will always remember the first time their baby ___ the word Mama or Papa.

　　A. speaks B. tells C. utter D. articulates

　　42. He might have thought it was all right to marry a woman ten years older than him, but ___ he eyes of his friends he was crazy.

　　A. with B. to C. against D. in

　　43. Setting up a committee might be a way ___ the project more efficiently.

　　A. to be doing B. doing

　　C. to do D. being done

　　44. It ___ to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.

　　A. pains her B. makes her pain

　　C. is paining D. is pained

　　45. These documents will provide ___ you all information you may need.

　　A. about B. for C. with D. to

　　46. He ___ his eyes to try to see what the teacher wrote on the blackboard.

　　A. strained B. exerted C. utilized D. applied

　　47. Most of the nations in the world are working in an collaborative effort to ___ hunger from the world.

　　A. abandon B. diminish C. withdraw D. eliminate

　　48. Our boss, Mr. Thompson, ___ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.

　　A. was promising B. has been promising

　　C. promised D. has promised

　　49. We all feel it's time ___ done about the air pollution in the city.

　　A. something was done B. anything will be done

　　C. something should be done D. everything is done

　　50. We are supposed to ___ all the books when we are finished with them.

　　A. put off B. put up

　　C. put away D. put out

　　51. There is an increasing ___ towards the excessive use of violence in American movies.

　　A. phenomenon B. tradition

　　C. attitude D. tendency

　　52. When Michael Jordan was in his heyday (鼎盛时期) at basketball he ___ baseball for a year.

　　A. slipped into B. reverted to

　　C. resorted to D. turned to

　　53. He was determined to sail around the world ___ his illness and old age.

　　A. given B. although

　　C. despite D. in spite

　　54. He was ___ exhausted at the end of the Marathon.

　　A. utter B. sheer C. absolute D. utterly

　　55. It ___ that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother.

　　A. turned over B. turned in

　　C. turned across D. turned out

　　56. The plant has been ___ of the money it needs for modernization.

　　A. deleted B. extracted C. deprived D. convinced

　　57. As long as we don't lose heart, I believe we can achieve our goal ___.

　　A. in the long run B. in the first place

　　C. on the whole D. at least

　　58. The surpassing beauty of his paintings ___ those of his contemporaries.

　　A. besmeared B. belittled C. dwarfed D. bedimmed

　　59. The microscope can ___ the object 50 times in diameter.

　　A. increase B. multiply C. enlarge D. magnify

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　　60. Communication is the process of a message from a source to an audience via a channel.

　　A. shifting B. transmitting C. submitting D. transforming

　　61. In the cowboy movies produced by Hollywood, the “bad guys" ___ get punished at the end.

　　A. inevitably B. doubtless C. deliberately D. readily

　　62. It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ___ by beings from the outer space.

　　A. run over B. filled in

　　C. taken over D. broken in

　　63. The committee is ___ a decision form the headquarters before it takes any action.

　　A. waiting B. awaiting for

　　C. awaiting D. anticipating

　　64. Obviously, these small independent western restaurants cannot compete ___ big international chains.

　　A. with B. for C. above D. to

　　65. That machine was very useful; but he was definitely ___ when he said it was the greatest machine ever invented.

　　A. lying B. bluffing

　　C. exaggerating D. overreacting

　　66. When the family gathered to discuss financial matters, father started ___ ,by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set aside some money each month, for in an emergency we could use it.

　　A. off B. through C. away D. /

　　67. Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always ___ too many medicines for minor illnesses.

　　A. prescribe B. order C. deliver D. advise

　　68. All the parts of this model of automobile are ___ , so that you can easily replace them everywhere.

　　A. modernized B. standardized C. mechanized D. normalized

　　69. They ___ his claim of innocence with eye--witness testimony.

　　A. objected B. opposed C. contradicted D. refuted

　　70. At the end of a football game, players typically ___ shirts with each other.

　　A. trade B. swap C. exchange D. barter

　　Paper Two

　　Part I Error Correction (15 minutes)

　　Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a slash ( / ) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.

　　Within the various forms of energy, natural 71. ______

　　gas has been favorite among U.S. consumers for 72. ______

　　more than 30 years. It has a number of outstanding

　　characteristics add to its popularity among consumers. 73. ______

　　First of all, natural gas is a comparatively clean

　　--burning fuel. Second, natural gas heat can carefully 74. ______

　　controlled. This issue makes it the favorite fuel

　　of certain industry. At home, gas is preferred 75. ______

　　by most people for cooking and heating because the 76. ______

　　ease by which it can be put to work. Gas cooking and heating

　　furnaces can be turned off and shut off quickly and easy.77. ______

　　Besides, natural gas can be made into a liquid by a special

　　process and then store in tanks. This type of gas can then 78.______

　　be transported by truck, rail car, or pipeline to regions where

　　transport by natural gas pipelines is not economic possible

　　79.______

　　Although the supply of natural gas in the U.S. appears

　　to be decreasing, geologists estimate that billions

　　of cubic feet of natural gas still remains to be 80. ______

　　discovered and produced.

　　Part II Translation from English to Chinese (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of the Test Paper.

　　You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.

　　81. (Lines 15, Para.4, Passage 1)

　　The ice does not become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it cannot move significantly until it reaches a critical thickness—the point at which the weight of the piled—up layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the friction between the ice and the ground.

　　82. (Lines 47, Para.1, Passage 2)

　　It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre—industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

　　83. (Lines 1922, Para.1, Passage 3)

　　Because a solid—fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but human—piloted space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels.

　　84. (Lines 35, Para.1, Passage 4)

　　But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives" as thirst or hunger.

　　85. (Lines 48, Para.4, Passage 4)

　　Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

　　Part III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

　　In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one—way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

　　According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 3 ℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food—growing zones.

　　In the past, concern about a man—made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming; in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

　　Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar—weather interactions and the actual climate, over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counterbalance to the sun's diminishing heat.

　　Questions:

　　86. The passage mainly discusses_________________________________________.

　　87. It can be concluded from the passage that too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would______________________________________________________________.

　　88. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the north hemisphere, temperature there seems to be dropping. What explanation does the author suggest for this phenomenon?

　　89. Based on their models of solar瞱eather interactions, scientists share the opinion that_________________________________________________________________.

　　90. If scientists' assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, then the effect of carbon dioxide would work_______________________________________.

　　Part IV Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title “Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China”. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words.

　　Tape scripts

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　　Section A

　　Directions:

　　1. W: Where have you been?

　　M: Where have I been? I have been wondering the same about you!

　　Q: What does the man want to know?

　　2. M: Why are you in such a hurry, Sue?

　　W: I have to go to the airport to meet my sister in half an hour and then I have to give a lecture this afternoon. I just did some washing and cleaning in the morning.

　　Q: What is the last thing the woman has to do today?

　　3. W: When is the concert supposed to start?

　　M: It starts at 7:40. Don't worry, we still have 35 minutes.

　　Q: What is the time now?

　　4. W: You must leave now, honey. By the way, what do you want to do tonight?

　　M: How about going to the movies? I'll be home from work around 5:40. Then we'll go out and have dinner and then to the movies.

　　Q: Where is the man going now?

　　5. W: I'm only halfway through my project.

　　M: How come? You've been working on it for a week!

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　6. M: Hills, are you going to Jack's party tonight? Maybe I can give you a ride.

　　W: Thanks, Tom. I'd like to go for a change, but I have my history exam tomorrow morning.

　　Q: What will the woman probably do tonight?

　　7. M: Will you fill this prescription please?

　　W: Sure, Mr. Jordan. Here you are. Take two pills every eight hours just before meals.

　　Q: Where are the two speakers?

　　8. M: Hello, this is Michael Johnson. I have an appointment with Mr. Jones for 5:00 this afternoon. But I'm afraid I'll have to come about fifteen minutes late.

　　W: That's OK, Mr. Johnson. Mr. Jones doesn't have another appointment until 6:00 this afternoon.

　　Q: When will the man come for the appointment?

　　9. M: Would you mind if I smoke here?

　　W: Of course not!

　　Q: What will the man probably do?

　　10. W: Did the boss say anything about my not being here at nine?

　　M: He said if he were you, he'd made a habit of being on time.

　　Q: What can we learn from the conversation?

　　Section B

　　Directions:

　　Passage One

　　When the early settlers, especially the English, arrived in the New World, the difficulties and dangers awaiting them were totally unexpected. Had it not been for the friendly Indians, the colonists would never have survived the terrible winters. They knew nothing about planting crops, hunting animals, building houses, or making clothing from animal skins. Life in England had been much simpler, and this new life was not like what the Spanish explorers had reported.

　　The settlers did introduce iron tools, guns for hunting, trained animals, and political ways to the Indians. In exchange, the settlers learned to build boats for water transportation and snowshoes for winter traveling. The Indians also taught them to make marks for others to follow, to hunt large animals and trap smaller ones, and to catch fish in the lakes and streams.

　　The natives also introduced to the settlers typical foods such as corn and beans. Everything possible was done in order to make their new village resemble the homes they had left behind.

　　Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　11. Which of the following was not introduced to the settlers by the Indians?

　　12. Which did the new settlers teach the Indians?

　　13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　Passage Two

　　Nobody can ever know who made the first doll. Perhaps a prehistoric man picked up a piece of wood or stone that looked like a human. What we do know is that early dolls were more for magic and not for children. They were meant to bring good luck. The Greeks and Romans made wooden and clay dolls. Greek and Roman girls stayed with them until just before they were married when they took them to temple to show that they were grown up. About six hundred years ago, the French started making fashion dolls dressed in the latest French fashions. They were sent all over France and abroad to show everyone how good French fashions were. The dolls wore nothing special. It was the place that counted. Dolls really became children's toys around eighteen hundred. Factories made plenty of them and rag dolls were made at home. Until around nineteen hundred dolls usually looked like grown—ups, not children. And later, dolls whose eyes could open and shut became popular.

　　Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　15. What do people know about early dolls?

　　16. What kind of dolls did Greek and Roman girls play?

　　17. When did dolls really become children's toys?

　　Passage Three

　　James Anthony, who is considered to be the greatest living dramatist of the American theater, was born in Bangor, Maine in 1921. He attended the public schools of Bangor and although he was the son of a poor European immigrant, he found a way to go to college. In 1939, he won a scholarship to the University of Maine, where he spent almost the next four years studying. I say almost, because during his last semester he was drafted into the United Sates army. He spent the next three years in the army and was honorably discharged in 1945, at the close of World War II. In the army his job was to translate French documents into English, although his best foreign language was Italian. The army, in characteristic fashion, made him a French translator and for a year he was stationed in Paris.

　　Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　17. According to the speaker, how did James Anthony achieved his fame?

　　18. When was James Anthony born?

　　19. How much time did James Anthony spend in college?

　　20. From the passage we can learn that Anthony knew at least how many languages?

　　[NextPage]

　　参考答案及语言注释

　　Paper One

　　Part I Listening Comprehension

　　Section A 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D

　　Section B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.D

　　Section C (Compound Dictation)略

　　Part II Reading Comprehension

　　21. B。冰川的特征是在自己的重力作用下产生移动的巨大的冰块。A是冰川的分类，C是冰川的运动特征，D是冰川形成的地理位置，都不是冰川的定义。

　　22. C。文章第三段主要讨论冰川形成所需要的时间。在冰岛，降雪量大，夏季的气温相对较高，这些都是加速冰川的形成的条件。而在南极地区，降雪量小，终年酷寒，冰川形成较慢。

　　23. A。参见22题的注释。

　　24. D。在文章第二段的开头，作者把冰川形成的地方比作是一个子宫。把冰川的形成比作出生的过程。

　　25. A。文章的主题是冰川的形成。

　　26. C。文章段指出，从现存的原始社会来判断，目前人类所掌握的关于植物学的知识历史非常久远。也就是说，早期人类就拥有丰富的植物方面的知识。

　　27. B。句子的意思是“这很符合逻辑”，即，“这很正常”。也就是我们的祖先有着丰富的植物学方面的知识。

　　28. A。文章第二段指出，随着我们进入了工业化社会，我们和植物的关系也不再像以前一样密切。

　　29. B。作者在第二段里举亚马逊丛林里原始部落的例子是为了证明原始人对于植物的特性也有很深刻的了解。

　　30. A。这是一个类比的题目。植物学是对植物的系统研究，农业则是用人工的方式对植物的培植。它们之间的关系相当于动物学和饲养之间的关系。

　　31. A。文章的开头交代，虽然在40年前人们就对在火箭中使用液体燃料的可行性进行了研究，但是当时使用液体燃料的火箭还没有出现。

　　32. C。文章中提到，尽管液体燃料价格比固体燃料要低，但是使用液体燃料的火箭相对比较复杂，制造的难度较大。

　　33. C。文章中提到，使用固体燃料的火箭消耗成本大是因为固体燃料的价格是液体燃料价格的十倍之多。

　　34. C。在载人火箭中使用液体燃料是因为这样的火箭对于灵活性的要求比较高。

　　35. A。使用固体燃料的火箭虽然燃料成本较高，但是火箭本身容易制造。

　　36. B。这是一篇破论性的文章。推翻前人的看法，提出新的立论。前人普遍认为只有给婴儿食物的时候他们才能完成某些动作。但是科学家的实验证明，婴儿完成这些动作是为了得到某种成就感。

　　37. A。在实验中，帕普塞克发现即使在婴儿得不到牛奶的时候他们也会重复某些学会的动作。

　　38. C。文章第三段表明，婴儿看到灯光亮起的时候会出现明显的愉悦的表情。这是因为他们认为是因为自己的动作灯光才被点亮的。

　　39. C。在文章的结尾处，科学家得出结论，在婴儿身上做的实验表明，人类有着与生俱来的理解和掌握世界的欲望。

　　40. D。 代词it指代前文的world。

　　Part III Vocabulary and Structure

　　41. C。utter：说出。articulates：清楚地说出。tell的常用搭配有：tell a lie说谎tell a joke讲笑话 tell a story讲故事。speak指的是讲某种语言，或是“发言”。

　　42. D。in the eyes of someone / in someone's eyes = in the opinion of someone在……看来。

　　43. C。Way后面跟动词不定式作定语.有时可以加of doing something 作定语.比如 I don't like his way of doing things.我不喜欢他做事的方式。

　　44. A。It pains someone to see.看到……的情况使……感到痛心。

　　45. C。provide someone with something：给某人提供……

　　46. A。to strain：拉伤，受伤。在本句中是“费劲地用……”的意思。

　　47. D。eliminate：消除。abandon：放弃。diminish：减少。

　　48. B。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一点到现在一直持续发生的动作。

　　49. A。it is time.后面需要跟虚拟语气的从句。需要用动词的过去时形式。

　　50. C。put away：把……放起来，放好。put out：把火熄灭。put off：推迟。put up：搭起，借宿。

　　51. D。phenomenon：现象。tradition：传统。attitude：态度。tendency：倾向。

　　52. D。turn to：转向做别的事情。也可以是“求助于某人”的意思。

　　53. C。despite后面加名词，表示“尽管……”，等于in spite of，但是更正式一些。

　　54. D。utterly = completely完全地。

　　55. D。turn out表示“结果是，证明是”。It turned out that...是个常用句型。 有时也可用turn out to be + adj./n.

　　56. C。to be deprived of：被剥夺了……。Extract：抽取，拔除。Delete：删除。

　　57. A。in the long run：从长远上来看。

　　58. C。dwarf：使……显得矮小。使……相形见绌。

　　59. D。magnify：放大。increase：(数量上)增加。multiply：增多，成倍增加，增殖。enlarge：扩充。

　　60. B。transmit：(疾病、信息等)传播。submit：妥协，投降(常和to连用)。transform：变化，变迁。

　　61. A。inevitably：不可避免地。

　　62. C。to run over：压过。take over：控制，占领。to break in：(粗鲁无礼地)闯入。

　　63. C。await = wait for后面直接跟宾语。

　　64. A。compete with = compete against：和……竞争。compete for something：为了……而竞争。

　　65. C。exaggerate：吹牛。同义词boast。overreact：反应过激。

　　66. A。start off：开始。比如：

　　It's a long journey. We will have to start off early tomorrow morning.

　　路很远。我们明天早上必须早点出发。

　　67. A。prescribe：开药;规定。比如：

　　The doctor prescribed a certain syrup for my coughing.医生为我的咳嗽开了某种糖浆。

　　68. B。to modernize：使……现代化。to standardize：标准化。to mechanize：机械化。to normalize：正常化。

　　69. D。refute是及物动词，表示“反驳、驳斥”。通常是经过缜密的逻辑推理，或者是的证据、证人等支持的论点。object指拒绝、推翻。contradict：指出事物的前后矛盾，不合理的地方。反驳。

　　70. C。exchange指和人交换同等价值或类型的东西。barter是指“物物交换”，用自己多余的东西换来自己所需要的东西。swap尤指熟人之间的交换。

　　Paper Two

　　Part I Error Correction

　　71. Within→Among：介词among表示“在多于三个人/东西中间”。

　　72. been∧favorite→a：在本句中favorite是名词。又因为前文没有提到过，前面要加上不定冠词A。

　　73. characteristics∧add→that/which：动词add前面必须加上关系代词that或是which，使其成为一个定语从句本句才能成立。否则一句中不能同时出现没有连接词的两个动词。

　　74. can∧carefully→be：天然气(natural gas)实际上是动词control的对象。这个句子应用被动语态。

　　75. industry→industries：“某些工业”应用industry的复数形式。

　　76. because∧the→of：因为because是连词，不是介词短语，后面不能加名词，只能加从句。这里应用because of。

　　77. easy→easily：此处必须出现的是副词，和quickly并列，修饰动词turn off和shut off。

　　78. store→stored：注意整个句子都是被动语态，动词store也不例外要以过去分词的形式出现。

　　79. economic→economically：economic是形容词，不能用来修饰另外一个形容词。需变成副词。

　　80. remains→remain：这个宾语从句的主语是复数形式(billions)。谓语动词不能用单数形式。

　　Part II Translation from English to Chinese

　　81. 当冰在自身重力的作用下移动的时候，它就成了冰川，而要发生显著的移动冰要达到一个临界的厚度——当层层累积的冰的重力克服了冰内部的压力和冰与地面之间的摩擦力的时候的临界值。

　　82. 今天要想知道我们石器时代的祖先对于植物有多少了解已经是不可能的了。但是根据我们对现存的前工业社会的观察来看，关于植物及其特性的知识肯定已经由来已久。

　　83. 因为使用固体燃料的火箭可以长时间维持待命状态，大多数军事导弹使用固体燃料，但是载人的宇宙航行需要只有液体燃料才能提供的很好的灵活性。

　　84. 但是过去人们也普遍地认为有效的奖励，至少是在婴儿期的早期，必须直接和诸如饥渴这样的基本的生理“需要”相联系。

　　85. 帕普塞克总结道，使得婴儿感到愉悦的主要因素并不是那些灯光的景象，而是在解决问题和掌握技能的过程中，他们所获得的成功，同时人类有着一个与生俱来的了解这个世界，并且有意识地掌握它的渴望。

　　Part III Short Answer Questions

　　86. different causes that have influence on the alteration of weather

　　87. raise the temperature of the earth's surface

　　88. This phenomenon may be due to the variable behavior of the sun

　　89. the world should be entering a new Ice Age

　　90. as a counterbalance to the cooling of the earth's surface

　　Part IV Writing (for reference only)

　　Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China

　　It is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world. This means it is high time that we did something to bring the situation under control.

　　Many factors are contributing to the worsening situation: industrial wastes pumped into the air, the lakes and the rivers; more and more automobiles crowding into the streets; the widespread use of plastic bags,etc.

　　To my view, stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution. Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined. Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air. And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned.

　　What's more, the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into people's mind. If everybody works towards a common goal of making the environment better, we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generations as well.