六级真题

【六级匹配题真题】

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A]As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, and Finding Nemo. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through TSA, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

[B]Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher — more resilient and determined in our work – so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misunderstanding of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C]We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and grit. We imagine a Marine slogging through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the turf for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D]The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery — whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones — is costing our companies $62 billion a year (that’s billion, not million) in lost productivity.

[E]And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5PM, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study released last month, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics. The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort to work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[F]We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, including those who read HBR, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate data set from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G]The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3AM to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience. And the bad habits we learn when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H]As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Mustering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. This is called upregulation. It also exacerbates exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I]So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, that your brain will naturally recover, such that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times where you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing. Stopping does not equal recovering.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the workday or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the workdays, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get riled up by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K]If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. In her upcoming book The Future of Happiness, based on her work at Yale Business School, Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute (which would be seriously optimistic), that would account for 2.5 hours of every day.

[L]You can use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to recharge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends — not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M]As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the cramped space and spotty internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, meditate, sleep, watch movies, journal, or listen to entertaining podcasts. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel rejuvenated and ready to return to the performance zone.

【六级匹配题参考答案】

36.It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents

答案：D

解析：D段第二句“Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems.”能与题干进行同义替换。其中“lack of= inadequate”;“incidence=accidents”。

37.Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is

答案：J

解析：J段句“If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods.”能题干进行同义替换，其中原文中说的“internal and external recovery”就是指的我们“physical and mental relaxation”。

38.Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

答案：L

解析：L段末句“Take all of your part time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raise your productivity and likelihood of promotion”是题干的具体解释;“helps one recover=gives you recovery periods”;“increases one’s work efficiency=raise your productivity and likelihood of promotion”

39.The author always has a hectic time before taking a fight.

答案：A

解析： A段中“As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old,we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, and Finding Nemo”句首告诉我们作者经常坐飞机旅行，“hectic=fantasize ”可进行同义替换。

40.Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working

答案：E

解析：E段开头“And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering.”与题干表达含义相同，人采用了正话反说的策略，将原文的“recovering”作了题干的主语，但上下文意义不变。

41.It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking

答案：K

解析：K段开头“If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping”与题干属于替换关系。其中，我们主要依靠线索“prevent people from overworking=strategically stopping”来解答。

42.Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery

答案：I

解析：I段末句“That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing. Stopping does not equal recovering.”是解题线索来源。它表达的含义与题干相同，都是在说明“rest does not equal recovery”。

43.The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

答案：B

解析：B段首先提出了问题，段落末尾才给出解题线索“the problem comes from a misunderstanding of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.”与题干是原文重现“misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.”。

44.People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from the upbringing.

答案：G

解析：G段首句“The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age”是答案线索句。其中，考生需要识别“distorted view=misconception”是一组同义替换，“from the upbringing=from an early age”。

45.People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：C

解析：C段解题线索在段落末处“We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be.”表示大部分人认为的观点，“tough”有“坚定;坚强”的含义，与“determined”是一组同义替换。

匹配题的文章往往比较长，对考生而言生词量也非常大，当然最考验考生的，是快速识别与检索信息的能力，同时一定程度上考察考生对部分表达同义替换的掌握程度。解答这类题型一定要切记，采取略读的阅读策略，在有限的时间内，把握最主要的信息，切忌拘泥于原文细节。