备考指导

　　技巧提供
　　使用平行指代
　　例：No: Mr. Johnson and Pam
　　Yes: Mr. Johnson and Ms. Walker
　　对配偶使用中性指代
　　例：No: Will guests and their wives stand up and be recognized?
　　Yes: Will the guests and spouses stand up and be recognized?
　　不强调性别
　　例：No: You will be dealing with two women service representatives.
　　Yes: You will be dealing with two service representatives.

　含性别色彩的词汇

　　含性别色彩的语句
　　NO: A newspaper reporter is always mindful of his deadline.
　　YES: A newspaper reporter is always mindful of the deadline.
　　或Newspaper reporters are always mindful of their deadlines.
　　NO: A pilot should offer his advice during an emergency.
　　YES: A pilot should offer advice during an emergency.
　　或Pilots should offer their advice during an emergency.
　　或A pilot should offer his or her advice during an emergency.
　　NO: When a customer calls, be sure to ask him to leave his phone number.
　　When a customer calls, be sure to ask him or her to leave his or her phone number.
　　YES: When a customer calls, be sure to ask for a phone number.
　　或When customers call, be sure to ask for their phone numbers.
　　NO: Would the guests and their wives please be seated?
　　YES: Would the guests and spouses please be seated?
　　NO: I talked to your woman service representative named Linda early this morning.
　　YES: I talked to Linda, your service representative, early this morning.
　　NO: "Dear Mr. Porter and Caroline: How are you?"
　　YES: "Dear Mr. Porter and Ms. Davis: How are you?"

　　Stylish English is …
　　Bias-free language
　　不带偏见
　　无偏见语言指我们必须在口语和书面语中消除种族偏见和性别歧视，从而保证政治上的正确。
　　随着时间的推移，很多种族已废除了强加给他们的种族称谓，而使用自己的名称，例如，黑人不管他们是否愿意，曾被人叫作"colored"。在他们逐渐从文化歧视中解放出来后，他们的称呼也逐渐改变。在不同时期，他们被称为Black和Afro-Americans。最近，他们则愿意别人叫他们African-American。另一方面，中国人认为"Chink"和"Chinaman"这两个词具有侮辱性，因为这些是19世纪殖民者用过的贬义词。
　　性别歧视怎么样呢？我们词汇中有许多带有性别歧视的词语，如"fireman/history和stewardess"。
　　 Biased: Liu Bing wants to be a policeman when he graduates from high school.
　　Better: Liu Bing wants to be a police officer when he graduates from high school.
　　Biased: Mary will be the new chairman of the committee.
　　Better: Mary will be the new chairperson of the committee.
　　为公平对待，人们发明了一种新的性别词，即his/her。his/her既可用于男性也可用于女性，这样才算平等。
　　例： A soldier serves his or her country by joining the arm forces. During peaceful times, he or she drills and exercises; in times of war, he or she goes to the battlefield.
　　虽然这样用听起来很公平，却是不正确的。必须有更好的方法来解决这一问题。
　　※　解决方法之一即是把你的先行词变为复数，用they，their和them，而不显示出性别。
　　例 Soldiers serve their country by joining the arm forces. During peaceful times, they drill and exercise; In times of war, they go to the battlefield.
　　※　解决方法之二是使用被动语态。通过被动语态的使用，就可避免提及动作方是谁，不说出动作者的身份也就可隐瞒动作者是男是女。也就无所谓性别歧视了。
　　Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
　　After: An application for employment should be filed with the human resources department.
　　※　解决方法之三是如果你的文章属于指导性文章，则采用第二人称代词。第二人称代词没有性别歧视之嫌。
　　Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
　　After: You should file your employment application with the human resources department.
　　※　解决方法之四是最后还可以删除所有包括第三人称代词在内的不必要的代词。
　　Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
　　Before: You should file your employment application with the human resources department.
　　After: To apply for employment, file an application with the human resources department.

编辑推荐： 2012年12月大学英语四六级VIP通关班

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