备考指导

　　一、篇章阅读理解解题技巧点拨

　　定位法是篇章阅读最基本的解题方法。但是，在利用定位法解答篇章阅读理解时，要特别注意从文章的宏观角度或全文的篇章结构来考虑各个选项，而不能仅仅像解答快速阅读理解那样，直接定位之后就尽快确定答案。因为，相对于快速阅读理解来讲，篇章阅读理解更注重考查学生对于文章的全面、深刻的理解，而不仅仅是能够快速找到答案。换句话说，快速阅读理解只考查“是什么”，而篇章阅读理解还要在“是什么”的基础上，考查学生是否知道“为什么”。此外，在命制考题时，者也往往会从篇章的角度出发，不是从某句话设题，而是针对某几句话，有时甚至是某几个段落来设题。所以，从宏观上考虑正确答案既解答篇章阅读需要特别注意的地方，它本身也是解答篇章阅读理解的一个重要技巧。例如：

　　“It’s not good for pinpointing (定位),” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”

　　Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.

　　…

　　“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”

　　What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?

　　A)It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.

　　B)It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

　　C)It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.

　　D)It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

　　【解析】本题对于practical value of Cerling餾 research就需要从多个角度来理解，而且还需要结合整篇文章的结构和写作目的来考虑。只有这样全面考虑，才能得到正确的答案。

　　二、篇章阅读理解真题例析

　　2009年6月真题

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.

　　The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all瞣rganic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.

　　Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.

　　Some analysts(分析师) are less sure. Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.

　　57.What is said about Future Fashion?

　　A)It inspired many leading designers to start going green.

　　B)It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.

　　C)It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.

　　D)It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.

　　58.According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that.

　　A)much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials.

　　B)they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials.

　　C)customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials.

　　D)quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available.

　　59.We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion.

　　A)can attend various trade shows free.

　　B)are readily recognized by the fashion world

　　C)can buy organic cotton at favorable prices.

　　D)are gaining more and more support.

　　60.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?

　　A)She doesn’t seem to care about it. B)She doesn’t think it is sustainable

　　C)She is doubtful of its practical value. D)She is very much opposed to the idea

　　61.What does the author think of green fashion?

　　A)Green products will soon go mainstream.

　　B)It has a very promising future.

　　C)Consumers have the final say.

　　D)It will appeal more to young people.

　　【定位法解析】

　　57.A)。由题干中的关键词Future Fashion将答案定位在段的前两句。该段的句提到Future Fashion向人们展示了环保设计的发展程度，接着通过第二句进一步加以引申，此次的展览首次鼓励大量的知名设计师使用环保性的布料。由此可知，A是正确答案。B是对句的误解。原句并未提到如何组织fashion shows，所以C不正确。D文中未提及，而且durable是对sustainable的曲解。

　　58.D)。由题干中的关键词Scott Hahn及关键信息one big challenge to designers将答案定位在第二段。A原文未提及。原文提及现有品牌的设计师发现很难找到匹配的环保布料，而不是说他们必须要为有机材料制成的衣服创建品牌，所以B不正确。C原文未提及，也不是对于设计师的挑战，所以C不正确。D与该段的最后一句话吻合，所以D是正确答案。

　　59.D)。根据题干关键词Paragraph 3的提示并结合题干的其他关键信息，可以将答案定位在第二段的首句。题干中的designers who undertake green fashion是对句话中的those who do make the switch的替换，所以D是正确答案。A太;B也太;C与原文内容不吻合。

　　60.A)。根据题干中的关键词Horminlla和ecofashion可将答案定位在第四段的第三、四句。原文提到，Horminlla是一位观念未转变的消费者，当问到她是否有环保衣服时，她回答说不知道有这种衣服，所以A与原文意思吻合，A是正确答案。B未提到;C原文未提及;D夸大了她的态度，她只是不知道，而不是反对。

　　61.B)。根据题干中的关键词the author和green fashion可将答案定位在文中最后一句。作者在该处明确表明自己的态度：有一天，绿色时尚会进入消费者的头脑中，所以选项B正确。A中的soon偷换了概念(one day);C和D原文均未提及。

2011年四六级考试篇章阅读理解应试指导     摘自 《大学英语四级考试一本通关：剖析与应试指导》